Basic Terminology

IP addresses: Each machine on the internet is assigned a unique address called an IP address.
Domain Names: Human readable ip addresses are called domain names.
Protocols: Predefined way that someone(program or person) who wants to use a service, talks with that service.
IP:  the main delivery system for information over the internet
TCP(transmission control protocol): used to break apart and rebuild information that travels over the intenet
HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol): used for webpages
FTP: used to download & upload files
UDP(User Datagram Protocol): used for information that require no response, such as streaming audio & video
ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol): used by a router to exchange the information with other routers
SMTP(Simple Mail Transport Protocol): used to send text based information
SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol): Used to collect system information from a remote computer.
Telnet: Used to perform commands on a remote computer